Author(s) :

Koushik Raj.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a severe global health challenge, threatening the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and demanding innovative strategies to combat infectious diseases. Nanotechnology offers promising avenues for developing novel antimicrobial agents that overcome resistance mechanisms, enhance drug delivery, and reduce toxicity. By exploiting unique physicochemical properties at the nanoscale, nanomaterials can exhibit intrinsic antimicrobial activity or serve as carriers for controlled release of existing drugs. This paper provides an extensive review of recent advances in nanotechnology-enabled antimicrobial agents, highlighting various nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanocarriers, and lipid-based systems. It examines the mechanisms through which nanomaterials exert antimicrobial effects, their applications against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and the challenges related to toxicity and clinical translation. Furthermore, the paper discusses future perspectives including multifunctional nanocomposites and synergistic approaches that can potentially revolutionize antimicrobial therapy and address the urgent problem of antibiotic resistance.

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