Author(s) :

Pavan T.K.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

The rise of nanotechnology has paved the way for innovative environmental management strategies, among which microbial nanofactories—especially those harnessing fungi and bacteria—stand out as eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable approaches. These living nanofactories synthesize nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties under ambient conditions, bypassing the need for harsh chemicals or energy-intensive methods. The biologically produced nanoparticles have diverse applications, including pollutant degradation, soil and water remediation, pathogen control, and nutrient cycling enhancement. This review explores the mechanisms underlying fungal and bacterial nanoparticle synthesis, their environmental applications, and contributions to ecosystem management. We critically assess the advantages of microbial nanofactories as green nanotechnologies, discuss challenges related to scale-up and ecological safety, and outline future perspectives for integrating these biogenic nanomaterials into sustainable ecosystem management frameworks.

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