Author(s) :

Gowda Varun Krishnamurti.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are widely used in modern industrial automation for managing real-time control systems across manufacturing, energy, and utility sectors. Originally developed to replace complex relay circuits, PLCs now serve as intelligent, programmable devices capable of executing sophisticated logic with high reliability. Their modular architecture supports diverse industrial tasks and seamless integration with Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platforms. This paper surveys the architecture, application, and educational relevance of PLCs. Key contributions include enhanced operational efficiency, improved fault detection, real-time monitoring, and increased automation. Despite widespread industry adoption, the integration of PLC education into engineering curricula remains limited. This paper emphasizes the need to address this gap to prepare students for evolving industry demands. Future trends such as edge computing, AI integration, and cyber-physical systems are also discussed, highlighting the ongoing evolution of PLCs within the Industry 4.0 framework

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