Article’s

Urbanization in India has rapidly accelerated over the past few decades. It has transformed the country’s social, economic, and environmental landscape. While urban growth has significantly contributed to economic development, job opportunities, and infrastructure expansion, it has also led to serious sustainability challenges. Issues like air pollution, water scarcity, waste management, traffic congestion, and unplanned urban sprawl have worsened in major Indian cities. This research paper looks at the complex relationship between urbanization and sustainability, focusing on key challenges that Indian cities face. It uses a qualitative research approach and analyzes five case studies: Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, and Hyderabad. The paper shows how rapid urban expansion often outstrips planning and resource management. The findings suggest that while efforts toward sustainable development are increasing, a significant gap remains between policy and implementation. The study concludes that sustainable urbanization in India requires integrated planning, stronger governance, public participation, and adopting innovative technologies. Balancing growth with environmental protection is crucial for ensuring long-term urban resilience.