Article’s

The advancement of embedded systems and wireless communication technologies has significantly transformed automation and manufacturing processes. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machines have become essential in industries for achieving high precision, repeatability, and automation in fabrication and drawing applications. However, conventional CNC systems often require bulky desktop computers, wired communication, and expensive controllers, limiting their portability and affordability for educational and small-scale applications. To overcome these limitations, this research presents the design and implementation of a Wi-Fi enabled CNC plotter using the ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a smartphone-based control interface. The proposed system utilizes the ESP32 microcontroller as the primary control unit due to its integrated Wi-Fi capability, low power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. Stepper motors controlled through motor driver modules provide accurate movement along the X and Y axes, while a servo motor controls the pen lifting mechanism. The system employs GRBL firmware to interpret and execute G-code instructions generated from vector graphics and CAD software. A smartphone application serves as the wireless user interface, enabling users to upload designs, control machine movement, and monitor operations remotely over a Wi-Fi network. The research focuses on the hardware architecture, software integration, wireless communication mechanism, and motion control techniques involved in the CNC plotting system. Experimental testing was conducted to evaluate plotting accuracy, communication reliability, response time, and operational stability. The developed prototype successfully demonstrated smooth and accurate plotting operations with reliable wireless connectivity. The implementation reduced wiring complexity and improved system portability while maintaining satisfactory performance for educational, hobbyist, and lightweight industrial applications. The study concludes that ESP32-based wireless CNC systems offer an efficient and economical alternative to conventional CNC controllers. The proposed system contributes toward the development of IoT-enabled smart manufacturing and automation technologies by integrating wireless communication and mobile-based control into CNC applications.