Investment Behaviour and Financial Independence among Women Professionals in Ernakulam, Kerala
Ardra Sreekumar
Financial inclusion is a critical component of sustainable economic development, ensuring access to affordable financial services for all sections of society. In India, digital payment platforms such as Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Aadhaar Enabled Payment System (AEPS) have emerged as transformative tools in expanding financial access. This study examines the role of UPI and AEPS in promoting financial inclusion by enhancing accessibility, reducing transaction costs, and improving transparency in financial transactions. The research is based on secondary data obtained from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and the World Bank Global Findex Database. The findings reveal that UPI has significantly increased digital transactions in urban and semi-urban areas, while AEPS has strengthened last-mile banking services in rural regions. Despite challenges such as digital illiteracy and cybersecurity risks, digital payment systems have substantially contributed to inclusive financial growth in India