Author(s) :

Manoj Shetty.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Gene therapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in modern medicine, aiming to treat, prevent, or even cure a wide range of genetic, acquired, and infectious diseases by introducing therapeutic nucleic acids into patient cells. Despite its potential, one of the foremost challenges remains the effective and safe delivery of these genetic materials, which are inherently unstable and susceptible to degradation in biological environments. Nanocarriers—engineered nanoscale delivery vehicles—have been increasingly recognized as promising platforms for gene delivery because of their ability to encapsulate, protect, and transport nucleic acids efficiently to targeted cells or tissues while minimizing off-target effects and toxicity. This paper provides an in-depth review of the various types of nanocarriers currently utilized in gene therapy, including lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, inorganic nanoparticles, and hybrid systems. It also explores key technological advances in nanocarrier design that enhance delivery efficiency, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape. Additionally, clinical applications and ongoing trials illustrate the translational progress of nanocarrier-mediated gene therapies. Challenges such as immunogenicity, off-target effects, large-scale production, and regulatory hurdles are critically analyzed. Finally, future perspectives focusing on personalized nanocarriers, multifunctional platforms, and AI-driven optimization are discussed, emphasizing their potential to transform gene therapy into a mainstream therapeutic modality.

No. of Downloads :

0