Author(s) :

Amarnath Desai.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

Restoring ecological integrity has become a global imperative in the face of accelerated environmental degradation, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic pollution. Microbial engineering and nanotechnology, two powerful and rapidly advancing fields, offer innovative strategies to rehabilitate ecosystems and promote environmental sustainability. This review explores how genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), synthetic microbial consortia, and nanomaterials—both engineered and biogenic—are being harnessed to remediate contaminated environments, improve soil and water quality, and support resilient ecosystems. It also discusses the synergistic potential of combining microbial engineering with nanotechnological interventions to enhance pollutant degradation, metal recovery, nutrient cycling, and biotic stress management. Emphasis is placed on the ecological applications of microbe-nano hybrids, biocompatible nanomaterials, and engineered biosensors. While these technologies offer promising routes to environmental restoration, the article also addresses biosafety concerns, ecological risks, and ethical considerations associated with deploying engineered systems in natural habitats. A systems-level, interdisciplinary approach is advocated to responsibly and effectively implement microbial-nano solutions for restoring ecological balance and resilience.

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